Sigmund Freud-Viennese physician who became a famous psychologist. He said that people struggle with subconscious desires (which he labeled the id) In the id, instinctual desires seek satisfaction, but most people try to channel and control these desires through the ego or the superego. Mental life is marked by a tension between these two forces. His ideas disturbed many people because of his emphasis on sexual desires and instincts. Freud said that "the price of progress in civilization is paid in forfeiting happiness" because civilization requires the repression of the id.
(Carl G Jung- broke off from Freud and created theories about a "collective subconsious" reflected in religion--mystical)
Marcel Proust wrote Rememberance of Things Past--look at upper class Parisian life
Franz Kafka wrote The Trial--tells the tale of tale of someone executed for something he doesn't know about
James Joyce wrote Ulyssses-- tells the story of a day in the life of an ordinary Dubliner in a unique way
Virginia Woolf wrote A Room of One's Own--explored the value of a woman's voice
Cubism and expressionism became popular. Works of art were often chaotic and always difficult to comprehend.
Philosophy-
Oswald Spengler wrote the Decline of the West-traced western civilizations as biological organisms with life cycles.
Jose Ortega y Gasset wrote The Revolt of the Masses--warning that the masses would destroy civilization's accomplishments.
Bertand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead wrote Principia Mathematica--people should only concern themselves with things that can be clearly demonstrated mathmatically
Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote Tracatus Logico-Philosophicus--the philosopher's task is careful analysis
Math and Science: Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley proved that the universe is not filled with a motionless substance called ether (which people used to think was necessary because waves couldn't function in empty space.) This led to... Albert Einstein's theory of relativity--space and time are not absolute, but must be measured in relation to the observer. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays J J Thomson showed the existence of electrons Pierre and Marie Curie discovered that a bunch of materials were radioactive. Ernest Rutherford identified radioactivity as the breakdown of heavy, unstable atoms Max Planck discovered that energy can function in discrete units called quanta E=mc^2 Werner Heisenberg said that it was impossible to determine a particle's position and momentum at the same time because at the subatomic level measurement interferes with the variables measured. This was called the Uncertainty Principle.
(Carl G Jung- broke off from Freud and created theories about a "collective subconsious" reflected in religion--mystical)
Marcel Proust wrote Rememberance of Things Past--look at upper class Parisian life
Franz Kafka wrote The Trial--tells the tale of tale of someone executed for something he doesn't know about
James Joyce wrote Ulyssses-- tells the story of a day in the life of an ordinary Dubliner in a unique way
Virginia Woolf wrote A Room of One's Own--explored the value of a woman's voice
Cubism and expressionism became popular. Works of art were often chaotic and always difficult to comprehend.
Philosophy-
Oswald Spengler wrote the Decline of the West-traced western civilizations as biological organisms with life cycles.
Jose Ortega y Gasset wrote The Revolt of the Masses--warning that the masses would destroy civilization's accomplishments.
Bertand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead wrote Principia Mathematica--people should only concern themselves with things that can be clearly demonstrated mathmatically
Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote Tracatus Logico-Philosophicus--the philosopher's task is careful analysis
Math and Science:
Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley proved that the universe is not filled with a motionless substance called ether (which people used to think was necessary because waves couldn't function in empty space.) This led to...
Albert Einstein's theory of relativity--space and time are not absolute, but must be measured in relation to the observer.
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays
J J Thomson showed the existence of electrons
Pierre and Marie Curie discovered that a bunch of materials were radioactive.
Ernest Rutherford identified radioactivity as the breakdown of heavy, unstable atoms
Max Planck discovered that energy can function in discrete units called quanta E=mc^2
Werner Heisenberg said that it was impossible to determine a particle's position and momentum at the same time because at the subatomic level measurement interferes with the variables measured. This was called the Uncertainty Principle.